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The win ratio is an estimate of the treatment effect used in situations where composite endpoints are employed and where the events that make up the composite endpoint can be prioritized. We study the win ratio in the context of oncology trials with the events of progression and death. We then propose two new measures related to the win ratio, called the continuous win ratio and continuous win difference

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Ultrasound is a critical tool in prenatal care, yet various challenges and barriers can affect its effectiveness. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize these challenges to inform future research and practice.The primary objective of this review is to address the challenges associated with ultrasound use during pregnancy, focusing on both ma ternal and fetal outcomes. The review seeks to highlight areas needing further investigation and improvement in ultrasound practices.

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Advancements in human knowledge across various scientific fields, including medical sciences such as vaccination, lifestyle, health, medical procedures, pharmacology, and up-to-date screening programs, have contributed to an increase in life expectan cy. However, longevity is associated with multiple non-communicable diseases, such as osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive impairment that affect the elderly [1]

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The advent of sustainable aquaculture demands a serious need for eco-friendly technology. This is what green technology seek to offer as regards different areas of aquaculture which include: fish nutrition, fish diseases management, water quality management and pollution control, ecotoxicology, and fish breeding

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This prospective clinical study assessed the effectiveness of the Kuhnke method in reducing limb volume in patients with Stage I and II lymphedema following instrumental lymphatic drainage therapy. Conducted at the Instrumental Therapy Center of Pirogov Medical University, Moscow, the study involved 54 patients treated under a standardized protocol. Re sults demonstrated significant limb volume reduction, particularly in Stage I patients, supporting the use of the Kuhnke method as an adjunctive therapy for early-stage lymphedema. Additionally, the study evaluated potential correlations be tween age, gender, and BMI to further understand the therapy’s efficacy

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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted global tourism, causing an unprecedented decline in international travel due to restrictions, safety concerns, and economic uncertainty. Government in most countries imposed border closures, quarantine mandates, and flight suspensions in compliance with lockdowns and restricted movement measures to curb the spread of the virus. While the literature demonstrates substantial empirical evidence that reports the effect of the pandemic on the tourism sector, the impact on travel decisions post-pandemic has not been well documented.

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Simple hygiene behaviour such as washing hands is key to improving health of individuals and reducing community trans mission of communicable diseases such as respiratory and enteric infections. Consistent and relentless messaging by global and local health authorities had resulted in heightened hygiene awareness amongst the public during the COVID-19 pan demic. Unfortunately, many of the hygiene behaviours practiced during the pandemic have proven to be unsustainable in the immediate period following the pandemic

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Background: Hyperglycemia is a common condition that is treated in the emergency department (ED). Hyperglycemia is of ten treated with intravenous fluids and insulin. Current guidelines recommend obtaining potassium levels prior to the initia tion of insulin therapy. This often delays insulin therapy for several hours.

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Background: Drug resistance poses a challenge in managing microbial infections, highlighting the urgency to develop nov el, e ective antimicrobials. e natural environment is a proven source of novel antimicrobial agents. is study explored unique and exploitable antimicrobial-producing bacteria from the extreme habitat of Lake Magadi

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We study nanoscale phase separation in iron-pnictides and its relation to doping and electronic 4 degeneracies across the tetragonal-orthorhombic and uncollapsed to the collapsed tetragonal 5 phases. The structural implications of these transitions are probed using the optical phonon 6 spectrum. We notice a previously less-acknowledged coexistence of two phases on small length 7 scales and at ambient conditions

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In a study conducted across clinics and hospitals in St. Louis during COVID-19, healthcare workers (HCWs) perceived lan guage/communication barriers with language diverse patients (LDPs) at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and this chal lenge did not improve over time [1]. In an attempt to continue to address health disparities, the present study uses a subset of data and takes a closer look at demographic factors within the group of HCWs in order to examine whether HCWs’ lin guistic characteristics (being monolingual or multilingual) matter in perceived communication with all patients and cally with LDPs, and it y examines strategies and techniques used in oral discussions [1]. Overall, vealed no reported s re s between multilingual and monolingual HCWs in perceived language barriers, with both groups agreeing that these challenges did exist.

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Introduction: Orthodontic forced eruption (OFE) is a non-surgical technique. It helps manage subgingival defects by repo sitioning the tooth coronally. This case report shows how OFE was used with CAD-CAM zirconia restoration for a deep carious lesion in a 40-year-old male patient.

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Combining low-dose CT lung cancer screening (LCS) with smoking cessation has emerged as a next‐generation interven tion to reduce the human and societal burdens of lung cancer. is study reviews the evidence supporting both strate gies—individually and in combination—acknowledging that not all real-world smoking cessation interventions can be seam lessly integrated with LCS. While linking these strategies might enhance their respective primary endpoints, it is essential to ensure their integration does not inadvertently interfere with their individual outcomes. We present results of a survey on current best practices in the EU27 and propose key areas for further research. ese insights provide a foundation for future EU Commission-funded projects.

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The anti-inflammatory activity of three samples of Indomethacin (IND-S1, IND-S2, IND-F) was evaluated in two models of acute inflammation (systemic and topical) and in the model of chronic inflammation. The three sample was solubilized in Tween 80:H2 O 1:9, was tested at 20 mg/kg and was administered by intragastric route. In first evaluation, the sample IN D-S1 at 20 mg/kg showed 57.09% inhibition on carrageenan-Induced plantar edema model. The evaluation at this same dose of Indomethacin from 3 different samples (IND-S1, IND-S2, IND-F) showed a variation in the % inhibition with 34.61, 30.13 and 32.69%, respectively. On the other hand; topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in the TPA mod el acute in female Balb/C mice. IND-S1 showed an ED50 = 1.31 mg/ear and at a dose of 2 mg/ear showed 56.41% of inhibi tion. IND-S1, IND-S2 and IND-F at a dose of 2 mg/ear were more active with 87.39, 90.13 and 75.87%, respectively. In the chronic model of ear edema-TPA, when the IND-S1 was administered by i.g. route at 10 mg/kg, it showed high mortality (10/10), however at dose of 8 mg/kg, IND-S1 showed a 60.63% inhibition of ear edema, but in this assay 4/10 mice head. In same assay (TPA) but the IND was administered by topic route at repeated dose of 2 and 1 mg/ear, it cuased the death of all animals and at dose of 0.5 mg/ear caused about 50% of animals deaths

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Tuberculosis is a worldwide health problem and is one of the 10 causes of death caused by a single infectious agent. It main ly affects the economically active population. Currently, there are multidrug-resistant and extended-resistance strains that are difficult to treat. In addition, several factors such as AIDS/HIV, diabetes, cancer and/or arthritis contribute to its persis tence, despite having first- and second-line drugs for its treatment. For this reason, it is necessary to contribute to find or search a new treatment alternatives and medicinal plants are an important source of bioactive compounds to be considered.

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With this special issue of JMSN we are pleased to present significant contributions to a fascinating topic in the field of materials nanostructing, which is the anodization of valve metals. By this treatment porous oxides of controlled geometry can be grown on the respective metal surfaces. To date, aluminum (Al) has been used most often, as confirmed in this special issue where nine out of ten contributions deals with its anodization.

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The results are presented of obtaining anodic aluminum oxide with an ordered pore arrangement by employing two anodizing modes - galvanostatic mode and combined (galvanostatic + potentiostatic) mode, at high values of the current density and voltage. Use has been made of an oxalate electrolyte and a complex electrolyte comprising oxalic acid and phosphoric acid. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to investigate the surface morphology of the barrier and porous layers and to determine pore sizes and inter-pore distance.

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Self-organized anodic porous alumina films with hexagonal pore lattice have attracted a considerable attention for biological arrays and confinement of various organic probes dyes in solutions. A molecular structure with axial symmetry in bis-heterocyclic indole chains and conjugate system, such as cyanine fluorophore Cy3 dye, was investigated here with respect to its fluorescence when loaded in the anodic alumina pores.

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Two basic reactions occur during the anodizing of aluminum: 1) the aluminum is consumed and 2) an oxide grows. By accepting this statement as true, the anodizing process can be viewed as a corrosion process, and anodizing can be modeled using the Tafel Equation. Anodizing process parameters of electrolyte chemistry and concentration, temperature, aluminum substrate resistance and current density are presented as they relate to the Tafel Equation and how they impact the anodic aluminum oxide structure and properties. Understanding this relationship is consequent in making anodizing an engineering process, one that enables tuning the structure such that it yields distinct characteristics to fulfill design and application requirements.

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Human odor detection technologies have drawn attention due to the wide possibility of potential applications they open up in areas such as biometrics, criminal investigation and forensics, search for survivors under rubble, and security checkpoint screening. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been the most successful and powerful analytical approach developed to date for human odor analysis, and hundreds of human odorants have been identified using this tool.

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The application of electronic-nose (E-nose) technologies in forensic science is a recent new development following a long history of progress in the development of diverse applications in the related biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Data from forensic analyses must satisfy the needs and requirements of both the scientific and legal communities. The type of data collected from electronic-nose devices provides a means of identifying specific types of information about the chemical nature of evidentiary objects and samples under investigation using aroma signature profiles of complex gaseous mixtures containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from manufactured products and parts of the human body. E-nose analyses also provide useful qualitative information about the physicochemical characteristics and metabolic conditions of human subjects without the need for time-consuming analyses to identify all chemical components in human-derived volatile mixtures.

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Carbon nanotube (NT) based electronic vapor sensors were tested against synthetic sweat solutions, consisting of 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in saline, in order to probe the device ability to analyze and differentiate vapors derived from complex biological samples.

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The collection of human odor volatiles is of interest to forensic applications as a path to investigate canine scent discriminations in legal investigations. A study using a selected array of previously identified human odor compounds has been conducted to determine the retention and release capabilities of five (5) natural and synthetic fabric types, cotton (mercerized fabric and gauze matrix), polyester, rayon and wool.

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The anodization of aluminum foils having micrometer thickness is a common process and results in hexagonally self-ordered alumina membranes. However, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes fabricated from nanometer-thin films present new challenges to the anodization process, since aluminum films adheres poorly on supporting substrates and the smoothness of the film is highly related to the kind of substrate.

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Anodisation of pure titanium has been carried out in sulphuric and in phosphoric acid solutions at potentials ranging from 50 to 150V. The SEM and AFM morphological analysis indicates that, within this potential range, oxidation in sulphuric acid solution produces better developed mesoporous oxide layers.

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We investigated a method for preparation of ordered nanopore arrays with the interpore distance of 60 nm by guided self-organization of anodic aluminum oxide with a prepatterned array of pits in the starting Al film.

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The design of an electrochemical reactor for the preparation of self-supported comparatively thin (up to 10 μm) and large area (up to 50 cm2) anodic alumina membranes is described allowing growth of porous alumina at high applied potential (up to 150 V) without burning.

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Vertical Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanowire arrays have been synthesized via two-step electroplating method into anodized aluminum oxide template. For deposition of CZTS nanowires, anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) was used as the growth mask for the growth of the nanowires. AAO templates with hole sizes of 70 nm in diameter were used in the experiments.

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Anodic aluminum oxide doped with vanadyl citrate chelate complex anions was formed by a two-step self-organized anodization in 2 wt. % sulfuric acid containing 0.04 M V2O5 and 0.08 M citric acid at voltage range 13-23 V, and at 0 and 15 oC. The combination of two temperatures and at least four voltages (depending on the applied temperature) was applied as the operating conditions of anodization.

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In this paper, we report on the synthesis of BaTiO3 nanowires via the anodic aluminum oxide template method. To fill in the precursors of BaTiO3 into anodic aluminum oxide templates, the vacuum and drop loading method developed in our previous study was used. Ba(CH3COO)2 (barium acetate) and C12H28O4Ti (tetraisopropyl orthotitanate) were used as Ba and Ti sources, respectively. Anodic aluminum oxide membranes with the through-hole diameter of ~200 nm were used as the template for BaTiO3 nanowires.

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