Annex Publishers

Wilt disease of tomato is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and it is an important disease which causes significant yield reduction in the crop throughout the world. A study was undertaken to isolate, identify and test the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici on tomato; and to evaluate the bioactivity of Azadirachta indica leaf, Piper guineense seed and Zingiber officinale rhizome extracts as well as the synthetic fungicide, mancozeb at different concentrations and combinations for the management of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro. Results revealed that the percentage frequency of the fungus isolated and identified was more on the roots (35.56 %) than the stems (26.67 %), fruits (20.00 %) and leaves (17.77 %). Results of the pathogenicity test showed more virulence in the roots than in other parts of the tomato plant. Extracts of the three plants and mancozeb proved effective in controlling the mycelial growth of the fungus either alone or when combined. Mancozeb consistently gave 100 % growth inhibition irrespective of the concentration used. Among the plant extracts applied alone at 40 g/L, Z. officinale (66.69 %) was the most effective followed by P. guineense (53.52 %) while A. indica was the least (36.99 %). The mycelial growth inhibition increased from 40 g/L to 120 g/L irrespective of the combination of the treatments used. A combination of mancozeb with any plant extract was more effective than a combination of the plant extracts. It is therefore, recommended that the plant extracts be applied either alone or in combination with other plant extracts or the fungicide to control F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, increase tomato yield and reduce postharvest rots associated with the pathogen

The mastitis carcinomatosa or inflammatory breast carcinoma is an aggressive form of mammary tumors. Diagnosis is made on clinical, cytology and histology correlation. Imaging is performed to look for the extent of disease. Breast carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells (OGCs) are uncommon. Here, we report a 35 year old woman with a painless lump in her left breast that has been proved clinically and radiologically. Microscopic examination reveal differential diagnosis of Inflammatory breast carcinoma and Infiltrating carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells.

The application of AI has become known as a disruptive technology in a variety of industries, and its possible application in the field of law enforcement has gained traction. The purpose of the aforementioned study is to investigate the reach of artificial intelligence in the field of criminal justice, focusing on its possible benefits, problems, and ethical implications. This study sheds light on the existing and potential consequences of AI within the court system by examining a variety of use cases such as predictive law enforcement, profiling of offenders, proof evaluation, and legal investigation

Plasmodium parasites, which cause malaria, continue to pose a serious threat to global health, necessitating the continuous search for novel antimalarial agents. Entada africana is a plant known for its ethnomedicinal uses in treating various ailments associated with inflammation including malaria. Due to its reported antiplasmodial potentials, we studied the effect of the methanol bark extract of the plant. HPLC chromatogram of the methanol bark extract showed the presence of eight phyto-compounds namely coumaric acid, gallic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, quercetin, apigenin, rutin, and kaemferol. Thus, the study aimed at evaluating the antiplasmodial potential of methanol bark extract of Entada africana (MBEEA) through heme polymerase inhibition via in silico approaches. The in silico studies showed favourable binding affinities and stable interactions with heme polymerase, with rutin (-9.9 kcal/mol), apigenin (-8.0 kcal/mol) and catechin (-7.8 kcal/mol) having higher binding affinities compared to the standard drug, chloroquine (-6.7 kcal/mol). Hydrogen bond analysis reveals that ferulic acid (Asp 77, Ile 73 and Ala 29) and kaemferol (Arg 40, Arg 27 and Leu 74) form three hydrogen bonds. On the other hand, compounds like coumaric acid (Ala 291 and Arg 27), gallic acid (Ala 29 and Ser 76), catechin (Arg 40 and Arg 40), and quercetin (Ser 76 and Ser 76) form two hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues, rutin forms two hydrogen bonds with Ser 76 and Leu 74, while apigenin forms one hydrogen bond with Arg 27 when compared to the standard drug, chloroquine (-6.7 kcal/mol) which forms no hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues. Based on their pharmacokinetic characteristics, safety profiles, and appropriate drug-like ability, seven compounds were shown to have antiplasmodial properties by computational ADMET tests