1 Hasen AY, Yemane TM, Bekele Y, Abebe M, Ejigu Z (2017) Identification of Encountered Bovine Tick Species in and Around Gambela Town. American Journal of Entomology 1: 1-5.

2 Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (2016) Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia. Central statistical agency.Agricultural sample survey, Volume II, Report on livestock and livestock characteristics.Statistical bulletin 583, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

3 Minjauw B, McLeod A (2003) Tickborne diseases and poverty.The impact of ticks and tick borne diseases on livestock owners in India and southern Africa. University of Edinburgh, UK: 24-57.

4 Ayele S, Assegid W, Jabbar MA, Ahemed MM, Belachew H (2003) Livestock Marketing in Ethiopia Review of structure, performance and Development IN. Socio-economic and policy Research Working paper 52, Kenya.

5 Regasa TD, Kebede A, Tsegay, Waktole H (2015) Prevalence of major ectoparasites of calves and associated risk factors in and around Bishoftu town. African Journal of Agricultural Research 10: 1127-35.

6 Bekele T (2002) Studies on seasonal dynamics of ticks of Ogaden cattle and individual variation in resistance to ticks in Eastern Ethiopia. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 49: 285-8.

7 Urquhart GM, Armour A, Duncan JL, Dunn, AM, and Jennings GG (1985) Ticks and their economic importance and methods of control outlook agric, Longman Sc. & Tec., Harlow, USA.

8 Jongejan F, Uilenberg G (2004) The Global Importance of Ticks. Parasitology 129: S3-14.

9 Kaufman WR (2010) Ticks: Physiology aspects with implications for pathogen transmission. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 1: 11-22.

10 Uilenberg G (1995) International collaborative research significance of tickborne. Vet Parasitol 57: 19-41.

11 Zahid IA, Latif M, Baloch KB (2005) Incidence and treatment of Theileriasis and Babesiasis. Pakistan Vet J 25: 137-40.

12 Birara AT (2017) Ticks infestation on Cattle in Ethiopia. Researcher 9: 55-61.

13 McCo SJ (1979) Global aspects of the management and control of ticks of Veterinary importance. In Recent advances in acarology.Journal of Rodriguez ed. Academic Press, New York, USA.

14 Jabbar A, Tariq A, Zia-ud-Din S, Hafiz AS, Muhammad FQ, et al. (2015) Tick-borne diseases of bovines in Pakistan: major scope for future research and improved control. Parasit Vectors 8: 283.

15 Uilenberg G (1994) Significance of tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases to animal health i the tropics. In Proc, USA.

16 Nejash A, Tilahun B (2016) Epidemiology and Control of Bovine Theileriosis in ethiopia: Review. J Med Physiol Biophy 23.

17 Walker AR, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Estrada-Pena A, Horak IG, et al. (2003) Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: A Guide to Identification of Species. Bioscience Report, Edinburgh, UK.

18 Tadesse B, Sultan A (2014) Prevalence and Distribution of Tick Infestation on Cattle at itche Selale, North Shewa, Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development 26.

19 Daniel ES, Robert SL, William LN (2012) Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Elsevier cience, USA.

20 Sileshi M (1996) Epidemiology of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Ethiopia: future research needs and priorities. In: Proceedings of a Workshop Held in Harare, national Animal Health Research Centre, Ethiopia.

21 WAZLDHO (West arsi zone livestock development and health office) (2014) West Arsi one livestock development and health office, the Annual Report, Ethiopia.

22 National Metrological Service Agency (NMSA, 2010) Climate Change National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) of Ethiopia. Ministry of Water Resources National Meteorological Agency, Ethiopia.

23 Braukamper (2002) Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays 2002: 59-62.

24 Thrusfield M (1995) Veterinary epidemiology (2nd Edn) Black well Science Ltd, UK.

25 Bitew M, Amedie Y, Abebe A, Tolosa T (2011) Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in selected areas of Jabi Tehenan district, West Gojam of Amhara regional state, Northwestern Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6: 140-4.

26 Nicholson J, Butterworth MH (1986) A guide to condition scoring of zebu cattle. International Livestock Center for Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

27 Bock RE, deVos JB, Molloy AJ (2006) Tick-borne diseases of Cattle. Australian and New Zealand Standard Diagnostic procedures 2006: 1-29.

28 Bossena F, Abdu M (2012) Survey on distribution of tick species in and around Asosa Town. Research journal for veterinary science 2012: 1-10.

29 Pawlos W, Derese D (2013) Study on prevalence and identification of ticks in Humbo district, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 5: 73-80.

30 Tamiru T (2008) A survey of Bovine tick species in and around Assella Town. DVM thesis, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Jimma, Ethiopia.

31 Alekaw S (2000) Distribution of ticks and tick borne diseases at Metekel ranch, Ethiopia. Journal of Ethiopian Veterinary Association 4: 40-60.

32 Sileshi M, Pegram RG, Solomon G, Abebe M, Yilma J, et al. (2007) A synthesis of review of Ixodids (Acari: Ixodidae) and Argas (Acari: Argasidae) ticks in Ethiopia and their possible role in diseases transmission. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 2: 1-22.

33 Taylor MA, Coop RH, Wall RL (2007) Veterinary Parasitology (3rd Edn) Black Well Publishing, UK.

34 Huruma G, Abdurhaman M, Gebre S, Deresa B (2015) Identification of tick species and their prevalence in and around Sebeta town. Ethiopian Parasitology and Vector Biology 7: 1-8.

35 Tessema T, Gashaw A (2010) Prevalence of ticks on local and crossbreed cattle in and round Asela Town, South East, Ethiopia, Amber Animal Health Department, East ojam. Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 14: 79-89.

36 Tiki B, Addis M (2011) Distribution of Ixodid Ticks, on Cattle in and Around Holeta Town, Ethiopia. Global Veterinaria 7: 527-31.

37 Morel P (1980) Study on Ethiopia ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) Republic France, Ministry Of foreign affairs. French Veterinary Mission, Addis.

38 Tadesse F, Abadfaji G, Girma S, Kumsa Bm Tariku JT (2012) Identification of tick spps and their preferred site on cattle’s body in and around Mizan Teferi, outhwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 4: 1-5.

39 Mesele A (1989) Bovine tick survey in Bahir Dar Awraja. DVM thesis,Faculty of Verinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre zeit Ethiopia.

40 Beailu A (2004) A survey of tick borne blood protistia in cattle at Assela Arsi Zone. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 2004: 25-36.

41 Pegram G, Hoogstraal H, Wassef HP (1981) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Ethiopia.istribution, Ecology and Host Relationship of Tick Species Infecting livestock.Bulletin of Entomology Research 71: 339-59.

42 Buscher G (1988) The infection of various tick species with Babesia bigemina, its transmission and identification. Parasitol Res 74: 324-30.

43 Magona W, Walubengo J, Kabi F (2011) Response of Nkedi Zebu and Ankole cattle to tick infestation and natural tick-borne, helminth and trypanosome infections in Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod 43: 1019-33.

44 Merck (2011) Important Ixodid ticks: Amblyomma spp. The Merck Veterinary Manual

45 Walker AR (1996) Amblyomma tick feeding in relation to host health. T Trop Anim Health Prod 28: 26S-8.

46 Kocan KM, de la Fuente J, Guglielmone AA, Melendez RD (2003) Antigens and alternatives for control of Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle. Clin Microbiol Rev 16: 698-712.

47 Shane T, Gunse T, Woldemariyam FT (2017) Identification of Tick and Tick Borne Hemo-Parasites in Tiyo District, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region. Journal ofVeterinary Science & Technology 8: 418.

48 Wodajnew B, Disassa H, Kabeta T, Zenebe T, Kebede G (2015) Study on the Prevalence of Bovine Babesiosis and Its Associated Risk Factors in and Around Assosa Woreda, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia. Researcher 7: 33-9.

49 Sitotaw T, Regassa F, Zeru F, Kahsay AG (2014) Epidemiological significance of major hemoparasites of ruminants in and around Debre-Zeit, Central Ethiopia. Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology 6: 16-22.

50 Imelda KT, Fadjar S, Umi C (2015) Study the Existence of Blood Parasites (Anaplasma, Babesia, Theileria) and Physiological Profiles of Australian Imported Feeder Cattle. Acta Parasitologica Globalis 6: 55-9.

51 Lemma F, Girma A, Demam D (2016) Prevalence of Bovine Babesiosis in and Around Jimma Town South Western Ethiopia. Advances in Biological Research 9: 338-439.

52 El-Ashker M, Hotzel H, Gwida M, El-Beskawy M, Silaghi C, et al. (2015) Molecular biological identification of Babesia, Theileria, and Anaplasma species in cattle in Egypt using PCR assays, gene sequence analysis and a novel DNA microarray. Vet Parasitol 207: 329-34.

53 Ibrahim HM, Adjou MPF, Mohammed-Geba K, Sheir SK, Hashem ISY, et al. (2013) Molecular and serological prevalence of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis in cattle and water buffalos under small-scale dairy farming in Beheira and Faiyum provinces, Egypt. Vet Parasitol 198: 187-92.

54 Adel EM (2007) Studies on some blood parasites infecting farm animals in Gharbia Governorate, (Ph.D. thesis). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

55 Nayel M, El-Dakhly KM, Aboulaila M, Elsify A, Hassan H, et al. (2012) The use of different diagnostic tools for Babesia and Theileria parasites in cattle in Menofia, Egypt. Parasitol Res 111: 1019-24.

56 Younis EE, Hegazy NAM, El-Deeb W, El-Khatib RM (2009) Epidemi-ological and biochemical studies on bovine anaplamosis in Dakahliaand Demiatta Governorates in Egypt. Bulletin of Animal Health Production in Africa 57.

57 Souza FAL, Braga JFV, Pires LV, Carvalho CJS, Costa EA, et al. (2013) Babesiosis and anaplasmosis in dairy cattle in North eastern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33: 1057-61.

58 Barros SL, Madruga CR, Araújo FR, Menk CF, Almeida MAO, et al. (2005) Serological survey of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle from the semi-arid region of the state of Bahia, Brazil, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 100: 513-7.

59 Terkawi MA, Alhasan H, Huyen NX, Sabagh A, Awier K, et al. (2012) Molecular and serological prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle from central region of Syria. Vet Parasitol 187(1-2): 307-11.

60 Ayaz S, Shams S, Abdel-Reheem MAT, Ullah R (2015) Epidemiology and Molecular Detection of babesiosis in household daries in Researcher 7.

61 Lucimar SA, Amauri AW, Fábio SC, Paulo LSC, George RA (2014) Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis complex: diagnosis andevaluation of the risk factors from Bahia, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 23: 328-36.

62 Amorim LS, Wenceslau AA, Carvalho FS, Carneiro PLS, Albuquerque GR (2014) Bovine Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis complex: Diagnosis and evaluation of the risk factors from Bahia, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 23: 328-36.

63 Demessie Y, Derso S (2015) Tick Borne Hemoparasitic Diseases of Ruminants: A Review. Advance in Biological Research 9: 210-24.

64 Kamani J, Sannusi A, Egwu OK, Dogo GI, Tanko TJ, et al. (2010) Prevalence and significance of haemoparasitic infections of cattle in North-Central, Nigeria. Vet World 3: 445-8.